Universal Medicine

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a type of anxiety disorder which you may develop after being involved in, or witnessing, traumatic events. The condition was first recognised in war veterans and has been known by a variety of names, such as 'shell shock'. PTSD can develop immediately after someone experiences a disturbing event, or it can occur weeks, months or even years later. Its estimated to affect about 1 in every 3 people who have a traumatic experience, but it's not clear exactly why some people develop the condition and others do not. There are many theories that could be used to explain this condition. Psychodynamic approaches to PTSD focus on a number of different factors that may influence or cause PTSD symptoms, such as early childhood experiences, current relationships and the things people do to protect themselves from upsetting thoughts and feelings that are the result of experiencing a traumatic event. The psychodynamic approach focuses mainly

What is vaping? An electronic cigarette or e-cigarette is a handheld battery-powered vaporizer that simulates smoking by providing some of the behavioral aspects of smoking, including the hand-to-mouth action of smoking, but without burning tobacco. Using an e-cigarette is known as ‘vaping’.  There has been an exponential rise of vaping among teenagers. ‘According to a recent study, about 37% of high school seniors reported vaping in 2018, up from 28% the year before. An estimated 2.1 million middle school and high school students reported using e-cigarettes in 2017; that number jumped to 3.6 million in 2018.’ First, many teens believe that vaping is less harmful than smoking. Second, e-cigarettes have a lower per-use cost than traditional cigarettes. Finally, vape cartridges are often formulated with flavorings such as apple pie and watermelon that appeal to younger users. Nicotine in e-cigarettes may have several negative health effects. Chronic nicotine exposure may lead t

Natasha Lynch A speech disorder refers to any condition which affects the way a person is able to create and form words. Speech, language and communication are some of the most important things in everyday life. To be understood we must understand. We communicate what we need, what we know and what we want. Learning speech and communication as a child lies the foundations of all relationships, developments and achievements. It allows children to learn, without the basics of listening, talking and understanding a child is unable to learn new things like reading and writing. From childhood all the way through adulthood a person with a speech disorder will struggle. Try to think of a day where you have not communicated or spoken to someone. I doubt there are many and if there are I guarantee it was pretty lonely. Or imagine if every time you went to say a word or sentence different words came out- frustrating right? This is living with a speech disorder.  Types of speech disorders: - The