Universal Medicine

Transubstantiation… Doctrine of the Catholic Church, scientifically verified? Figure 1 According to the teachings of the Catholic Church, Transubstantiation is the change of substance of bread and wine offered (consecrated) as a sacrifice in Mass, into the real body and blood of Jesus Christ. The Church teaches the way the substance of the Eucharistic offering changes into the body and blood of Christ is a mystery and incomprehensible to human intellect. But it appears even Catholic have trouble believing this nature.  However over centuries there have been numerous reports of consecrated hosts turning to physical flesh and blood. figure 2 The Miracle of Lanciano In 8 th century Lanciano, a priest who was doubting  the claims of the church; that Jesus was truly present in the consecrated, when he said the words of consecration during mass(“this is my Body. This is my blood”) saw the bread and wine turn into real human flesh and blood.( Figure 1 unleavened bread used du

Being motivated is not the easiest of tasks. The thought of having to do a task that requires a lot of effort isn’t appealing in many ways and the constant distractions in our environments can quickly become the cause of our loss of attention. Leading to the involvement in other unnecessary activities- known as procrastination. This alludes to the common misconception  that motivation is down to our actions alone. However, there is actually a lot more science to how we become motivated. The source of our motivation stems from the neurotransmitter dopamine. Although dopamine is usually associated with pleasure, its effects have been proven to be more diverse. Many studies suggest it plays a key role in motivation, as it is involved with attention span and focus which are vital for staying motivated. It passes from one neurone (the presynaptic neurone) to the next (postsynaptic neurone) across the synapse. It diffuses across to the postsynaptic neurone and binds to its receptors wh

From 2011 to 2016, the number of people admitted to hospital suffering from an allergic reaction increased by a third in the UK. This sharp influx of admittances is due to a phenomenon described in the "Hygiene Hypothesis" which states that due to a lack of early exposure in one's childhood to pathogens and microbes in the surrounding environment, their body's immune system has not properly developed and is subsequently more susceptible to allergic diseases later on in life. An interesting statistic is that there are a lower percentage of people with allergies in less developed countries than in more developed countries. This is a result of living in conditions less hygienic than our own exposing their population to viruses, parasites and microbes from an early age, facilitating the growth of their immune system. In an irony of fate, our cleanliness has led to our increased vulnerability to common (and in most cases harmless) substances. An allergic reaction is defin

Diabetes   Approximately 422 million people suffer from diabetes in the world, some of whom are unaware that the condition impacts them. With the number of cases of diabetes on the rise, it is important to understand what it is and how it can be identified. What is diabetes?   Blood glucose concentration in the body is something which should remain constant in the body in order for it to function correctly. The mechanism that controls this is the interaction between the hormones insulin) and glucagon in the way that insulin lowers blood glucose concentration and glucagon will increase it. Insulin is the hormone of importance here. In the pancreas, there is an area of exocrine tissue called the Islets of Langerhans which contains beta cells that produce the insulin. When there is a malfunction, and the system does not behave as it should, the individual will experience diabetes mellitus, otherwise known simply as diabetes where the blood glucose concentration will remain at